What products are affected by CVE-2025-66644?

CVE-2025-66644 affects Array Networks ArrayOS AG. Refer to the vendor advisory and NVD record for affected versions.

Is there a public exploit for CVE-2025-66644?

Yes. Public exploit code or proof-of-concept has been identified for CVE-2025-66644. This lowers the barrier for exploitation and increases the urgency of patching. Organizations should prioritize remediation immediately.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-66644?

CVE-2025-66644 has an EPSS score of 2.0%, placing it in the 84th percentile. This means it has a 2.0% probability of being exploited in the next 30 days, higher than 84% of all known vulnerabilities. EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is maintained by FIRST and uses real-world threat data to estimate exploitation likelihood.

Actively Exploited — CISA KEV

CVE-2025-66644: Array Networks ArrayOS AG High-Severity Vulnerability

Severity: High | CVSS 3.1: 7.2 | Published: 2025-12-05 | KEV Added: 2025-12-08

What is CVE-2025-66644?

Array Networks ArrayOS AG before 9.4.5.9 allows command injection, as exploited in the wild in August through December 2025.

Technical Analysis

Weakness Classification

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-78 — OS Command Injection. The application passes untrusted input to an operating system shell command, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with the application's privileges.

Attack Vector Breakdown

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Impact Analysis

This vulnerability is exploitable over the network, meaning any system reachable via the internet or internal network is potentially at risk without physical access. The attack complexity is low, meaning exploitation does not depend on specialized conditions or race windows. Successful exploitation can result in full confidentiality breach (complete data disclosure), complete integrity compromise (data modification or code execution), total availability loss (denial of service). The application passes untrusted input to an operating system shell command, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with the application's privileges.

Exploitation Probability (EPSS): 2.0% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days (84th percentile). While the base probability may appear low, inclusion in CISA KEV confirms real-world exploitation is already occurring.

Exploit Availability

Public exploit code or proof-of-concept is available for CVE-2025-66644. This significantly increases the risk of exploitation, as attackers can use or adapt existing exploit code rather than developing their own. A public exploit reference has been identified. Organizations should treat this as an urgent patching priority.

Is CVE-2025-66644 being exploited?

Yes. CVE-2025-66644 is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, restricted to CVEs with confirmed active exploitation in the wild. CISA added this vulnerability on 2025-12-08. Inclusion in KEV triggers the patching mandate under BOD 22-01 for U.S. federal civilian agencies, with a remediation deadline of 2025-12-29. Additionally, public exploit code is available, which lowers the barrier for attackers.

How to fix CVE-2025-66644

Apply the security update issued by Array Networks for ArrayOS AG. If an immediate patch is not possible, consult the vendor advisory for mitigation guidance, restrict network exposure of the affected service, and monitor logs for indicators of exploitation. CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog requires U.S. federal agencies to remediate this vulnerability by the due date shown below under Binding Operational Directive 22-01. Private organizations should treat KEV entries as priority-one patches because active exploitation has been confirmed in the wild.

Related Vulnerabilities

Other actively exploited vulnerabilities sharing the same weakness pattern (CWE-78 — OS Command Injection):

CVE-2026-25108 (High 8.8) [same CWE] — FileZen contains an OS command injection vulnerability. When FileZen Antivirus…
CVE-2026-1731 (Critical 9.8) [same CWE] — BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and certain older versions of Privileged…
CVE-2025-11953 (Critical 9.8) [same CWE] — The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native Community…
CVE-2025-64328 (High 7.2) [same CWE] — FreePBX Endpoint Manager is a module for managing telephony endpoints in…
CVE-2025-58034 (High 7.2) [same CWE] — An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS…

Frequently asked questions

Is CVE-2025-66644 critical?

CVE-2025-66644 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2 — High severity. It should be treated as a priority patch, especially given the active exploitation confirmed by CISA. The availability of public exploit code further increases the urgency.

Is CVE-2025-66644 being actively exploited?

Yes — CISA added CVE-2025-66644 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2025-12-08. Inclusion in KEV means CISA has confirmed in-the-wild exploitation. Public exploit code has also been identified, making exploitation accessible to a broader range of threat actors.

How do I patch CVE-2025-66644?

Apply the security update from Array Networks for ArrayOS AG. Federal agencies must remediate by 2025-12-29 under BOD 22-01.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-66644?

CVE-2025-66644 is classified under CWE-78 (OS Command Injection). The application passes untrusted input to an operating system shell command, enabling an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with the application's privileges.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-66644?

CVE-2025-66644 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2, classifying it as High severity. The attack vector is Network, attack complexity is Low, and non-zero privileges are required.